What is Memory-Mapped I/O compared to Isolated (I/O-Mapped) I/O?

Subject: Computer Architecture and Organization

Topic: Input-Output (I/O) Organization & DMA

Options:

1. Option A: I/O device registers are assigned addresses within the same memory address space as RAM
2. Option B: I/O devices use a separate 16-bit address space with special IN and OUT instructions
3. Option C: I/O data is stored on optical discs
4. Option D: I/O devices do not require address lines

Correct Answer:

Option A: I/O device registers are assigned addresses within the same memory address space as RAM

Explanation:

In Memory-Mapped I/O, peripheral registers share the unified memory address space, allowing normal memory instructions (MOV, ADD) to access I/O ports.